[TOEFL iBT] Factual Information Trap Dissection | AceThePrep

TOEFL iBTReadingFactual Information

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Passage: 'In marine geophysics, hydrothermal vent fields are classified into black smokers and white smokers based on mineral precipitation chemistry. Black smokers vent acidic, metal-rich fluids exceeding 350°C; upon mixing with cold, alkaline seawater, they precipitate fine particles of dark iron and copper sulfides. In contrast, white smokers vent cooler fluids rich in barium, calcium, and silicon, which precipitate white anhydrite and silica minerals.'

According to the passage, what causes the dark coloration of fluid plumes emanating from black smokers?

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